About Dysmenorrhea

The pain of dysmenorrhea is crampy and usually located in lower abdomen above the pubic bone (the suprapubic region); some women also have severe pain in the back or thighs. The pain usually begins just before or as menstrual bleeding begins, and gradually diminishes over one to three days. Pain usually occurs intermittently, ranging from mild to disabling.

Other symptoms that may accompany cramping include nausea, diarrhea, dizziness, fatigue, headache, or a flu-like feeling.

Treatment Options

• Exercise: Physical activity, including light exercise, stretching, and activities like yoga, can help reduce pain and bloating by releasing endorphins.
• Heat Therapy: Applying a heating pad, hot water bottle, or taking a warm bath can relax muscles and ease cramps.
• Stress Management: Stress can exacerbate pain, so incorporating relaxation techniques like meditation can be beneficial, according to the Mayo Clinic.
• Dietary Changes: Some individuals find relief from avoiding certain foods, like caffeine or salty foods, or by increasing their intake of foods rich in magnesium and vitamin B1.
• Medications: Over-the-counter pain relievers: NSAIDs like ibuprofen and naproxen are effective for many women.
  Hormonal therapies: Oral contraceptives (birth control pills) can help regulate the menstrual cycle and reduce pain, particularly for those with NSAID-resistant dysmenorrhea.
• Prescription medications: In some cases, doctors may prescribe stronger pain relievers or medications like sildenafil citrate (a vasodilator) or calcium channel blockers, which can help reduce uterine contractions.